Rituals of Peyotism


After spreading north the use of Peyote for rituals became more for the position of the shaman and for healing. This was known as the Transitional Rite. Mescalero Apache groups practiced this. The group “ostensibly conducted for the doctoring of sick people... although occasionally they were held to discover the locations of lost articles or to prognosticate the future. The position of the shaman had been a particularly powerful one” (Bee 1965). This particular rite involved a wooden staff that was passed around by the participants where other rites did not involve the staff. Eventually the use of peyote became an issue in the rituals by the shaman. Individuals would be under the influence of peyote and were not as impressed by the power of the shaman. The quest for this power that the shaman had was an individual quest so when individuals found they could acquire the same experience them selves the use of peyote became controlled by the shaman and peyote chief to help preserve the ritual. The peyote chief that would give everyone a specific amount would conduct the rituals. They would sit around a fire and take turns smoking the peyote while there was a drum played and the chief would sing songs. "A piece of wood is com-monly placed near the fire, in line with the vertex of the stacked wood and the center of the altar; it is placed close enough to the fire to keep its tip glowing for use as a lighter of the ritual cigarettes smoked during the ceremony" (Bee 1965). Over the years the use of peyotism spread and rituals it was used for widened. Peyote also started serving additional purposes within the North American Indian groups. The Kiowa-Comanche are used peyote for use of Plain ritual. “‘This form of Peyotism consists of a voluntary association whose rite is one of singing, prayer, and quiet contemplation, centered on Peyote both as a symbol of the spirits being worshiped and as a sacrament’” (Bee 1965).  Other tribes would use peyote in specific dances such as the Ghost Dance or for healing purposes. Peyote was thought to be effective in those with mental disorders or for ailments like body pain, fever, and even childbirth.  Even though peyote had hallucinogenic properties the use for healing was very important because of the positive outcomes when using it. Each group had their own rituals and uses for peyote. Most peyote meetings would be held in a tipi unless on occasion a sick person was unable to attend the meeting, then a curing ceremony would be held in the house. Peyotism continued to grow and spread north even into Canada. Even though each group has their own version of peyote rituals they tend to remain very similar in style. 


The inside of the tipi for peyote ceremonies is similar to this. There are several pillows around the outer edge of the tipi for seating around the fire. 

Fire pit layouts are planned out and created depending on the ceremony. This is an example of a fire pit that would be used in a ceremony involving peyote use.

Peyote rituals often took place from evening to dawn the next day. 



Examples of Tipi Layouts for Peyote Rituals